Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Law resolves conflict and encourages cooperation Essay

Law settle struggle and empowers participation - Essay Example Law settle struggle and empowers participation This paper will assess how adequately the law settle struggle and supports collaboration on the planet request. A few circumstances are a danger to worldwide harmony, for example, atomic weapons, fear based oppressor exercises and development of ISIS. There are a few universal associations that have the job of keep up world request. A few associations, for example, the International Red Cross and Amnesty International have a circuitous association with the state, in this manner have no real way to impact them. The main way that they could apply pressure is by uncovering and humiliating the states through the media (Stahn and Melber, 2014). The fundamental lawful organ with the obligation of keeping up world request is the United Nations. The basic role of its foundation was to keep up worldwide harmony. It is noticed that already there were no methods for accomplishing harmony and a large portion of the foundations that existed at the time couldn't play out their order. The individuals, in this manner, expressed all the standards, strategies, and techniques that could be required in accomplishing the much-required harmony. In the Charter, the individuals plot all the way to be utilized in the alteration of debates and the aggregate measures to embrace if there should be an occurrence of any penetrate (Bailliet and Larsen, 2015). The Charter demanded that the principal proportion of managing debates was looking for a quiet settlement. All the quiet implies that the foundation could receive are recorded obviously in the Charter. With the disappointment of the primary technique, the subsequent strategy to attempt is an aggregate proportion of counteraction and evacuation any dangers to the accomplishment of the harmony expected.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Overcoat

Implications and Indeterminacy in Gogol's â€Å"The Overcoat† Author(s): Victor Brombert Reviewed work(s): Source: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 135, No. 4 (Dec. , 1991), pp. 569-575 Published by: American Philosophical Society Stable URL: http://www. jstor. organization/stable/986817 . Gotten to: 25/01/2012 04:09 Your utilization of the JSTOR file shows your acknowledgment of the Terms and Conditions of Use, accessible at . http://www. jstor. organization/page/data/about/strategies/terms. sp JSTOR is a not-revenue driven assistance that helps researchers, specialists, and understudies find, use, and expand upon a wide scope of substance in a confided in advanced file. We use data innovation and apparatuses to expand profitability and encourage new types of grant. For more data about JSTOR, it would be ideal if you contact [emailâ protected] organization. American Philosophical Society is teaming up with JSTOR to digitize, save and stretch out access to Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. http://www. jstor. organization Indeterminacy Meanings and in Gogol's The Overcoat* VICTOR BROMBERT Henry Putnam University Professorof Romanceand ComparativeLiterature Princeton University kaky Akakyevich is the focal characterof Gogol's story TheOvercoat. In spite of the fact that Dostoyevsky gave normal money to the term â€Å"antihero† in Notes from Underground,it is Gogol's Akaky Akakyevich who is the authentic, unmitigated, and apparently unredeemable wannabe. For Dostoyevsky's enemy of brave paradoxalist, harassed with hypertrophia of the awareness, is very much perused, cerebral, seriously adademic, and garrulous. Akaky Akakyevich is not really mindful, and practically awkward. Gogol's masterful bet was to attempt to verbalize this incoherence. The story, in its plot line, is basic. A most unremarkable replicating agent in a St. Petersburg service uncovered, pitted, limited, and the substitute of his partners who concoct unfeeling methods of deriding himdiscovers one day that his despicably tattered coat no longer ensures him against the furious winter wind. The tailor he counsels completely will not fix the coat which is currently destroyed, and empts Akaky Akakyevich into having another jacket made, one absolutely too far in the red, yet which by dint of huge penances, he figures out how to obtain and wear with a newfound feeling of pride. However, his joy keeps going just one brief day. Intersection an abandoned quarter around evening time, he is assaulted by two cheats who thump him to the ground and take his jacket. Doused, solidified, profoundly annoyed, fiercely condemned by a prevalent whose help he challenged look for, Akaky builds up a fever, gets ridiculous, and bites the dust. One can barely talk about an intriguing plot line. However this straightforward story fits bashes of translations. Truth be told, there might be the same number of translations as there are perusers. The Overcoatcan be perused as a story, a hermeneutic riddle, an activity in triviality. Be that as it may, regardless, there is the compulsion to peruse it truly as parody with a social and * Read 9 November 1990. Procedures OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 135, NO. 4, 1991 569 570 VICTOR BROMBERT moral message. In The Nose, Gogol had a great time of the rankconsciousness and dishonesty of government workers. In The Overcoat, he appears to ridicule deliberately the parasitical, languid, fake, universe of Russian officialdom, whose individuals are the weak middle people of a chain of importance of incapable force structure in which each subordinate feelings of dread and chimps his boss. Early Russian pundits, persuaded that writing must have an ethical message, read such a denunciatory and remedial mocking goal into the story despite the fact that obviously Gogol continually moves his tone, shields no clear standard, and efficiently ironizes any conceivable â€Å"serious† message. There is obviously the impulse to peruse The Overcoatas a story of sympathy, as a request for fellowship. The regrettably unprotected little agent, provoked and abused by the gathering, remains happily absent to the unfeeling tricks of which he is the butt, plan on his modest replicating movement. Just when the jokes become excessively over the top, or meddle with his work, does he fight gently. Be that as it may, here the tone of the story appears to change. For Gogol presents a youngster, as of late named to a similar office, who is about to start partaking in the general fun, and who is out of nowhere sent out by the abnormal notes in Akaky's voice which contact his heart with pity and make him abruptly observe everything in an altogether different light. A genuine disclosure radiating from a â€Å"unnatural† (neestestvennyi) power permits him to hear different words behind Akaky's trite supplication to be disregarded. What he hears are the profoundly entering, implicit words resounding with powerful importance: â€Å"I am thy sibling. Furthermore, with this voice from behind the voice comes the stunned consciousness of how much â€Å"inhumanity† there is in individuals, how much ruthlessness sneaks in what goes as cultivated society and edified conduct. The clear exercise in humankind given by the substitute casualty appears, in the quick setting, to have a practically strict character, particularly in the event that on e relates it to the storyteller's remarks, after Akaky's demise, on how a man of submission who bore the scoffs and abuse of his kindred people vanished from this world, however who, before his misery, had a dream of the splendid visitant (svetluy gost). The man of compliance, the man of distresses, similar to the implicit however plainly heard â€Å"I am thy brother,† appears to have a Christian, if not Christological, reverberation. In any case, we overlook Akaky's name, and that we are not permitted to do. For the patronymic label not just anxieties the standard of redundancy (Akaky's first name being actually equivalent to his father's), yet the clever sound reiteration is significantly more interesting in light of the fact that the syllable kak = like (tak kak = similarly as) inserts the rule of equivalence in Akaky's name, deciding, no doubt, his resolute, long lasting movement of replicating and certain judgment to equality. With respect to numerous years Akaky served in a similar office, Gogol sees that he â€Å"remained in the very same spot, in the very same situation, in the very same activity, doing the very same sort of work, to mind duplicating official reports. † But there is better (or more awful) particularly to Russian ears, for kakatj GOGOL'S THE OVERCOAT 571 (from the Greek cacos = terrible, detestable) is kids' discussion for poo, and caca in numerous dialects alludes to human stool. To be harrowed with such a name plainly identifies with the trash being routinely dumped on Akaky as he strolls in the road, and to his being treated without any regard by the guardians than a typical fly. The savage verbal fun around the syllable kak stretches out past the character's name, and debases Gogol's content. Gogol enjoys apparently unlimited minor departure from the words tak, kak,kakoi,kakoi-to,kakikh-to,vot-kak,neekak,takoi, takaya,kaknibut, (just in this way, that is the means by which, not the slightest bit, by one way or another, etc) which in the interpretation vanish through and through. The misuses of audio effects or sound implications unmistakably compare to an artist's interest with the esteemed cacophonic assets of customary discourse. 1 One last point about the decision of Akaky's name, explicitly the Christian demonstration of â€Å"christening†: as per custom, the schedule was opened indiscriminately and a few holy people's names (Mokkia, Sossia), including the name of the saint Khozdazat, were thought of, just to be dismissed by the mother since they sounded so odd. Akaky was picked on the grounds that that was the name of the dad. Be that as it may, Acacius, a heavenly priest of Sinai, was additionally a holy person and saint, and we get ourselves-particularly since the Greek prefix an (Acacius) connotes: not awful, along these lines great, mild, modest, submissive back to the strict theme. On the off chance that Akaky keeps on duplicating for his own pleasure at home, this is in enormous part in light of the fact that the euphoria of replicating has an explicitly ascetic reverberation. Gogol does for sure allude to his duplicating as a â€Å"labor of adoration. † Here another allurement pounces upon the peruser. Should The Overcoatnot be perused as hagiography in a trite present day setting, or at any rate as a satire of hagiography? Various components appear to loan backing to such a perusing of the story in or against the viewpoint of the conventional existences of the holy people: the modest errand of replicating records, reference to the subject of the saint (muchenik),salvational wording, conciliatory themes or fellowship (â€Å"I am thy brother†), Akaky's dreams and euphorias, his own specters from past the grave. Be that as it may, the most telling similarity with hagiographic legend is the change impact on others, first on the youngster who has a disclosure of a voice that isn't of this world (svet), and at the end he self-respecting, overbearing, Very Important Person on whom Akaky's phantom like ghost establishes a neverto-be-overlooked connection. 2 The jacket itself can take on strict implications since attire, in the imagery of the Bible and conventional ritual, frequently speaks to uprightness and salvation. The main issue with such an understanding and Gogol has composed Meditations on the D ivine Liturgy which 1 Boris Eichenbaum talks about Gogol's â€Å"phonic inscriptions† and â€Å"sound-semantics† in â€Å"How ‘The Overcoat' is Made,† in Gogol from the Twentieth Century, ed. Robert A. Maguire, Princeton University Press, 1974, p. 280. 2 See John Schillinger, â€Å"Gogol's ‘The Overcoat'as a Travesty of Hagiography,† Slavic and East EuropeanJournal, Spring 1972, 16, 1: 36-41. 572 VICTOR BROMBERT allude to the cleric's robe of honesty as a piece of clothing of salvation3-is that the coat can have an inverse emblematic centrality, that of concealing reality. Consequently the conventional picture of stripping to uncover the exposed self. Moreover, there are numerous other conceivable

Thursday, August 20, 2020

How Recognize and Avoid Groupthink

How Recognize and Avoid Groupthink Theories Social Psychology Print How to Recognize and Avoid Groupthink By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on January 16, 2020  Yuri_Arcurs/Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Understanding It Symptoms Benefits and Dangers Causes Prevention Observations Related Quotes View All Back To Top Groupthink is a term first used in 1972 by social psychologist Irving L. Janis that refers to a psychological phenomenon in which people strive for consensus within a group. In many cases, people will set aside their own personal beliefs or adopt the opinion of the rest of the group. People who are opposed to the decisions or overriding opinion of the group as a whole frequently remain quiet, preferring to keep the peace rather than disrupt the uniformity of the crowd. Understanding It Why does groupthink occur? Think about the last time you were part of a group, perhaps during a school project. Imagine that someone proposes an idea that you think is quite poor. However, everyone else in the group agrees with the person who suggested the idea and the group seems  set on pursuing that course of action. Do you voice your dissent or do you just go along with the majority opinion? In many cases, people end up engaging in groupthink when they fear that their objections might disrupt the harmony of the group or suspect that their ideas might cause other members to reject them. Janis suggested that groupthink tends to be the most prevalent in conditions where there is a high degree of cohesiveness, situational factors that contribute to deferring to the group (such as external threats, moral problems, difficult decisions), and structural issues (such as impartial leadership and group isolation). Symptoms Janis identified eight different symptoms that indicate groupthink: Illusions of invulnerability lead members of the group to be overly optimistic and engage in risk-taking.Unquestioned beliefs lead members to ignore possible moral problems and ignore the consequences of individual and group actions.Rationalizing prevents members from reconsidering their beliefs and causes them to ignore warning signs.Stereotyping leads members of the in-group to ignore or even demonize out-group members who may oppose or challenge the groups ideas.Self-censorship causes people who might have doubts to hide their fears or misgivings.Mindguards act as self-appointed censors to hide problematic information from the group.Illusions of unanimity lead members to believe that everyone is in agreement and feels the same way.Direct pressure to conform is often placed on members who pose questions, and those who question the group are often seen as disloyal or traitorous. Benefits and Dangers Groupthink can have some benefits. When working with a large number of people, it often allows the group to make decisions, complete tasks, and finish projects quickly and efficiently. However, this phenomenon still has its costs. The suppression of individual opinions and creative thought can lead to poor decision-making and inefficient problem-solving. Causes A number of factors can influence this psychological phenomenon. It tends to occur more in situations where group members are very similar to one another and it  is more likely to take place when a powerful and charismatic leader commands the group. Situations where the group is placed under extreme stress or where moral dilemmas exist also increase the occurrence of groupthink. Prevention There are steps that groups can take to minimize this problem. First, leaders can give group members the opportunity to express their own ideas or argue against ideas that have already been proposed. Breaking up members into smaller independent teams can also be helpful. Here are some more ideas that might help: Initially, the leader of the group should avoid stating their opinions or preferences when assigning tasks. Give people time to come up with their own ideas first.Assign at least one individual to take the role of the devils advocate.Discuss the groups ideas with an outside member in order to get impartial opinions.Encourage group members to remain critical. Dont discourage dissent or challenges to the prevailing opinion.Leaders should be absent from many group meetings to avoid overly influencing decisions. Observations When present, these antecedent conditions are hypothesized to foster the extreme consensus-seeking characteristic of groupthink. This, in turn, is predicted to lead to two categories of undesirable decision-making processes. The first, traditionally labeled symptoms of groupthink, include illusions of invulnerability, collective rationalization, stereotypes of outgroups, self-censorship, mind guards, and belief in the inherent morality of the group. The second, typically identified as symptoms of defective decision-making, involves the incomplete survey of alternatives and objectives, poor information search, failure to appraise the risks of the preferred solution, and selective information processing. Not surprisingly, these combined forces are predicted to result in extremely defective decision-making performance by the group. ?? The members firm belief in the inherent morality of their group and their use of undifferentiated negative stereotypes of opponents enable them to minimize decision conflicts between ethical values and expediency, especially when they are inclined to resort to violence. The shared belief that we are a wise and good group inclines them to use group concurrence as a major criterion to judge the morality as well as the efficacy of any policy under discussion. Since our groups objectives are good, the members feel, any means we decide to use must be good. This shared assumption helps the members avoid feelings of shame or guilt about decisions that may violate their personal code of ethical behavior. Negative stereotypes of the enemy enhance their sense of moral righteousness as well as their pride in the lofty mission of the in-group. ?? Related Quotes The tribe often thinks the visionary has turned his back on them. When, in fact, the visionary has simply turned his face to the future.(Ray Davis)For it is dangerous to attach ones self to the crowd in front, and so long as each one of us is more willing to trust another than to judge for himself, we never show any judgment in the matter of living, but always a blind trust  and a mistake that has been passed on from hand to hand finally involves us and works our destruction.(Seneca)The important thing about groupthink is that it works not so much by censoring dissent as by making dissent seem somehow improbable.(James Surowiecki)Groupthink being a coinage â€" and, admittedly, a loaded one â€" a working definition is in order. We are not talking about mere instinctive conformity â€" it is, after all, a perennial failing of mankind. What we are talking about is a rationalized conformity â€" an open, articulate philosophy which holds that group values are not only expedient but right a nd good as well.(William H. Whyte Jr.)

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Can Anyone Imagine the World without Communication

Can anyone imagine the world without communication? For the most of the people communication is something that comes naturally and binds them together so they can live, work, share ideas together or create something that is unique and priceless. Today life is impossible without communication, and we should be concentrated to make communication more efficient and more natural. We are living in a world full of diversity and we must find a formula how to lower the communication barrier that is present. It is important for us is to understand that communication can mean everything and it’s not restricted to the use of our language only. This essay will try to discuss how communication can be affected if people misinterpret the meaning, and also how non-verbal and intercultural communication can engage developing impressions that we make on other people. Perhaps the most important and difficult to explain is the meaning and effectiveness of intercultural communication. For example, Archee et all., (2013) argue that intercultural communication is related to the meaning or how individuals or a group of people can create meaning from the world around them. Other authors on the other hand, examine the importance of intercultural effectiveness (Hammer et all., 1978). For example, Gardner (1962 as cited in Hammer et all., 1978, p.382) argues that intercultural communication can be effective if there is universal communicator. According to Gardner (1962) he states that communicator mustShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Life Without Technology726 Words   |  3 PagesDid a life without technology ever exist? Of course, there was a time without technology, but it is hard to imagine because we are so dependent upon it now. People today depend on technology from the time their cell phone alarm goes off in the morning until the time they go to b ed to literally recharge at night. To say that we rely on technology is an understatement. Society would literally be lost on a long dark road to nowhere without technology. Imagine how distraught the world would be if allRead Morehow technology has changed985 Words   |  4 Pageseasier. From desktops to IPhones, the world we live in today allows us to communicate with anybody with wireless access with just a couple clicks of a mouse. As civilization has evolved so has technology, from letters to phone calls to email, basic communication methods have consistently progressed into the complex system we have today. As we become more dependent on technological communication, such improvements will continue to be made. First of all, imagine attempting to live the way we do todayRead MoreThe Universal Law Formula of the Categorical Imperative Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pagesmoral law stating that one should â€Å"act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† A maxim is the motivating principle or reason for one’s actions. 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Wednesday, May 13, 2020

The Sharing of Personal Data by Mobile Phone Companies

The development of the digital cloud from an area for small file storage to one of continuous connectivity and communication is having a significant influence on the quantity and forms of personal data stored by users. Expansions in user technologies and the systems that associate them have allowed this nonstop recording of any individual’s data. A multitude of companies are manipulating these devices abilities and producing extensive amounts of raw data about the public and commercial actions of users. Malte Spitz from TED, talks about the methods in which your phone company can accumulate, access and even distribute surprisingly large quantities of personal information that would normally be considered private by consumers. Companies are constantly looking toward changes that will make private data infinitely diverse from that which defined pre-digital society. Individuals have voiced specific worries about how phone and internet companies can be trusted to manage the threat s to private data in the online world, specifically financial loss and social reputation. Many consumers believe that phone companies have a moral obligation to be able to withhold private information, however, cannot be trusted to do so until legal parameters are put in place. Users are partaking in a growing variety of societal and commercial activities online, as well as the development of substantial networking data. Malte Spitz explains that, â€Å"in the summer of 2006, the E.U. Commission tabled aShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Effect of Electronics on Communication768 Words   |  4 Pageswanted to move data from one computer to the other without the use of disks etc. Next was the mobile computer, or the laptop. The first model of these has a small screen which was black and white and was very slow and also expensive. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Pre-American Revolution Free Essays

Do you know why the American Revolution occurred? Do you think Americans just wanted to be the United States of America just because they desired. King George lll tried to control the lives of the colonists in many ways. There was several causes to why americans seeked for independence. We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-American Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now These causes ultimately lead to the start of a revolution. Little by little Colonists found ways to protest against the british army and the king of England. King George III applied unlawful taxes, to control colonists lives. There was many ways king George III tried to control the lives of the colonists. For Example there is this famous slogan which was â€Å"No Taxation Without Representation†, this was because Parliament had control of colonial trade, taxed imports, and exports. By the 1760s, the Americans were getting a right taken away from them. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 had forbidden the imposition of taxes without the consent of Parliament. Since the colonists had nobody representing in Parliament, the taxes violated the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. He thought it was necessary for most of the taxes he pasted in order for the Country of Britain not to go bankrupt after the win of the â€Å"seven years† war which doubled Britains dept . One of the laws passed was the stamp act. The stamp act was a direct tax by Parliament specifically targeting the colonies of British America, and it required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London. There was many acts that angered the colonists and eventually made them revoke against Parliament. hese were some of the causes of the American Revolution . The Intolerable acts were a response to the famous boston tea party. there was four acts that got the 13 colonies heated. The Boston Port Act, was the first of the acts passed, which consisted of closing the port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid for the tea dumped in the water and until the king was satisfied that order had been restored. Colonists argued that the Port Act punished all of Boston rather than just the individuals who had destroyed the tea. The Massachusetts Government Act altered the government of Massachusetts to bring it under control of the British government. Almost all positions in the colonial government were to be given orders by the governor or the king. This act also limited the activities of town meetings in Massachusetts to one meeting a year, unless the Governor arranged one. Colonists outside Massachusetts feared that their governments could now also be changed by Parliament. The Administration of Justice Act allowed the governor to move trials of accused royal officials to another colony or even to Great Britain if he believed the official could not get a fair trial in Massachusetts. George Washington called this the â€Å"Murder Act† because he believed that it allowed British officials to harass Americans and escape justice. The Quartering Act applied to all of the colonies, it was method of housing British troops in America. King George did indeed applied several laws that got the colonists angry. So there were several ways of how the colonist protested. Everyone has heard of â€Å"No taxation without representation. † It was a famous slogan shouted by colonist because they were taxed by almost everything they purchased without their consent. There was no one in Parliament to represent them, so that meant they did not have a word or an opinion. Throughout the years the colonists got tired of the British customs because they were opposing many things that Parliament was doing. So they started doing their own tea and clothes, this was also because almost everything was taxed and colonists thought it was a better way to save money. Another famous event was the â€Å"Boston Tea Party†, in that event officials in Boston refused to return three ships loaded with taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists dressed as indians boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor, the incident remains an iconic event of American history. In response to the taxes many people let out their anger on the tax collectors. Sometimes it was just a scare but in some cases they were murdered. The continental congressed passed an association act which allowed colonists to boycott British goods, it was effective while it lasted. King George III applied unlawful taxes, to control colonists lives. There are just too many reasons of why the american revolution happened. If Britain did not tax or governed the colonies how they did, we would be living in a much different world. Maybe we wouldn’t have even been the United States of America. The Americans had every right to protest against Parliament since they were advocated from some of their rights. You feel me? How to cite Pre-American Revolution, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Does The Consumption Of Red Wine Lower free essay sample

The Hazard Of Heart Disease? Essay, Research Paper Does the ingestion of ruddy vino lower the hazard of bosom disease? The incidence of coronary bosom disease ( CHD ) mortality in France is the lowest among industrial states, despite the high incidence of several hazard factors. In comparing to Americans, the Gallic consume 3.8 times every bit much butter and 2.8 times every bit much lard, they have higher cholesterin and blood force per unit area degrees, they smoke on a comparable degree to Americans, and they don # 8217 ; t exert rather every bit frequently. Despite these shocking wellness statistics, the Gallic have a 2.5 crease less hazard of deceasing as a consequence of bosom disease. What can get down to explicate this? This phenomenon, known as the # 8220 ; Gallic Paradox, # 8221 ; was believed to be due to a vegetable and fruit rich Mediterranean diet. However, through assorted surveies, research workers worldwide have come to hold that the Gallic tradition of devouring ruddy vino is at the root of explicating why the Gallic enjoy a reduced hazard of bosom disease. ? So, does the ingestion of ruddy vino truly cut down the hazard of bosom disease? There has been a consistent organic structure of epidemiologic informations that has alluded to the reduced incidence of mortality and morbidity from coronary bosom disease ( CHD ) among those who consume intoxicant in moderateness in comparing with those who abstain. This protection has been attributed to the ethanol nowadays in those drinks classified as # 8220 ; alcoholic. # 8221 ; But deriving farther impulse is the grounds that polyphenols besides display extra benefits, which at least in vitro and in cell civilization experiments act as powerful inhibitors of thrombocyte collection and biological oxidization reactions associated with the coevals of freed groups. Polyphenols belong to the household of phytochemicals that are found in workss and contribute to a reduced hazard of bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease in people who consume them on a regular basis. Polyphenols are a comparatively new phenomenon and have non once and for all made their instance yet, but there is no challenging the world that the protagonism of fruit and veggies as indispensable constituents of a healthy diet is based upon their intrinsic content of theses same polyphenols. A major advantage of vino over fruit is that the dietetic polyphenols are soluble and bioavailable in vino, which is the grade to which the sum of an ingested food is absorbed and is available to the organic structure. This is an advantage over solid veggies and fruits, which contain their phenolic constituents in polymeric, indissoluble or tightly bound, and compartmentalized signifiers that render them unavailable for soaking up. Since really small is known about the extent or sum of consumption of these dietetic components, it remains to be to the full established that ruddy vino provides a more favourable medium than fruits and veggies. While ruddy vino is seemingly a better beginning of polyphenols, it was necessary to look into on vino # 8217 ; s built-in belongingss through other surveies. The first survey examines resveratrol, a polyphenol in ruddy vino that has been associated with decreased bosom disease. The 2nd survey examines whether alcohol-free ruddy vino has the same effects as alcoholic ruddy vino, so as to determine whether ruddy vino per se has preventative belongingss other alcoholic drinks, fruits, and veggie may non hold. And eventually, the 3rd survey examines the effects of ruddy vino, white vino, and grape juice on in vivo thrombocyte activity and thrombosis in stenotic eyetooth arterias. RESVERATROL The resveratrol survey was a metabolic test on civilized pneumonic arteria endothelial cells to determine whether it, resveratrol, would bring on azotic oxide synthase ( NOS ) , a procedure that inhibits thrombocyte growing, adhesion, and collection. Platelet activity is one of the many factors that go towards doing bosom onslaughts. The civilized bosom cells were prepared and kept homogeneous through fluorescent staining for diacylated low-density lipoprotein. They were so rountinely maintained with a foetal bovine serum that kept them feasible. They were so harvested and counted by a hemocytometer ( blood cell counter ) . Control cells were treated in the same manner, except they were non treated with the resveratrol. Because NOS produces a ephemeral gas, these research workers tested the effects of resveratrol by assaying alterations in ecNOS, an isoform of NOS specifically and expressed in endothelial cells. They found that resveratrol induced NOS and reduced endothelial cell proliferation, or platelet adhesion to the bosom cells. As a consequence of this experiment, it is shown that the polyphenol resveratrol did alleviate thrombocyte growing in the bosom and efficaciously reduced the hazard of coagulating in the civilized bosom cells. ALCOHOL-FREE RED WINE This Italian metabolic survey endeavored to reply the inquiry of whether it is the ethyl alcohol in vino or the polyphenols that are responsible for wine’s protective belongingss. To make this, these research workers used ten healthy non-smokers who did non utilize addendums or vitamins. These topics asked to fast 12 hours prior to the test. They were so given 113 milliliters of alcohol-free ruddy vino. Blood samples were so taken at 30, 50, and 120 proceedingss after consuming the vino. This procedure was so repeated one-week subsequently utilizing tap H2O and white vino. To prove their theory, the research workers studied whether the plasma antioxidant capacity increased and measured this as entire radical-trapping antioxidant parametric quantity ( TRAP ) . This procedure would find whether such an consequence ( TRAP ) is associated with the presence of phenolic compounds in plasma. As they had predicted, the polyphenol content of the ruddy vino was 20 times more active than it was in the white. So they expected to see important consequences in the ruddy vino test. They found that the clip tendency of plasma TRAP degrees after the consumption of alcohol-free vino. TRAP values bit by bit rose in topics who drank ruddy vino, making its extremum 50 proceedingss after consumption and falling back to baseline after 2 hours. The TRAP did non alter when the topics drank H2O or the alcohol-free white vino. This survey proves that non merely the ethyl alcohol in ruddy vino can protect against CHD, but that the concentration of polyphenols can besides hike the protective belongingss of ruddy vino. In kernel, ruddy vino has a double protective ability against CHD, while fruit, veggies, and other alcoholic drinks seem to hold merely one. IN VIVO PLATELET ACTIVITY This last metabolic survey was conducted on mongrel Canis familiariss. Researchers here wished to reaffirm the protective capacity of ethyl alcohol in the thrombocyte suppression in coronary artery disease and CHD. 47 anesthetized Canis familiariss were prepared with an in vivo ( Folts coronary thrombosis theoretical account ) of automatically stenotic coronary arterias and intimal harm. What this did was imitate the stenotic, or constricted, arterias of the bosom as a consequence of coronary artery disease. Thombosis, or curdling of the Black Marias transitions, would so be simulated through the stenotic coronary arteria and cause cyclic flow decreases ( CFRs ) in coronary blood flow. These research workers wished to mensurate how the vino affected these damaging CFRs. 15 Canis familiariss were so given an endovenous extract of ruddy vino diluted in saline ( 2mL of ruddy vino per 200mL of saline ) . 7 Canis familiariss were given the same proportions of white vino, and 5 Canis familiariss were given grape juice. The CFRs in the ruddy vino group were wholly eliminated within 5 proceedingss. The CFRs were abolished for one hr. The grape juice had a similar consequence, halting the CFRs in 10 proceedingss, and the white vino had small to no affect. Research workers here concluded that while ethanol possesses belongingss to suppress platelet growing and expense, something more was to account of the belongingss of grape juice and ruddy vino. They came to the decision that the polyphenols were most likely to account for this. DOES RED WINE PREVENT HEART DISEASE? The surveies presented here clearly present metabolic cogent evidence that ruddy vino does so hold certain intrinsic belongingss that help to forestall bosom disease. This cogent evidence surely backs up old epidemiological surveies that besides suggested an association between reduced bosom disease hazard and the moderate ingestion of ruddy vino. While it is clear that polyphenol may be the active agent in this protection, more survey is needed to further determine other benefits. Bibliography Mentions Published Mentions Marquand, Robert # 8220 ; Rehnquist-led tribunal displacements power to provinces # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor April 17, 1996 O # 8217 ; Brien, David M. Constitutional Law A ; Politics 3rd erectile dysfunction. W.W. Norton A ; Co. , New York, 1997 O # 8217 ; Brien, David M. # 8220 ; The Rehnquist Court and Federal Preemption: In Search of a Theory # 8221 ; Publius: Journal of Federalism 23 ( Fall 1993 ) 15-31 Pittenger, John C. # 8220 ; Garcia and the Political Precautions of Federalism: Is There a Better Solution to the Conundrum of the Tenth Amendment? # 8221 ; Publius: Journal of Federalism 22 ( Winter 1992 ) 1-19 Recent Cases: Constitutional Law-Tenth Amendment-Fourth Circuit holds that Driver # 8217 ; s Privacy Protection Act violates Tenth Amendment-Condon v. Reno, 155 F.3d 453 ( 4th Cir. 1998 ) Harvard Law Review 122 1999 Internet Mentions NCSL Policies, 1998-1999: Law and Justice Federalism 1998 ? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncsl.org/statefed/policies/98-99/lawandj.htm Statistical Data National Income and Products Histories: GDP Data ? hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lib.virginia.edu/socsci/nipa/nipa.html Statistics/Data Analysis: Federalism Court Decisions

Thursday, April 2, 2020

Justice Whats the Right Thing to Do

Introduction â€Å"Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?† is a book that discusses the theory of justice and the diverse ways in which it is perceived by different people in the society. The author, Michael Sandel, tries to force the reader to look into the circumstances that happen in real life and allows them to make the decisions on the right thing to do.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sandel pushes his readers into tracking their personal moral obligations by laying a series of challenges based on everyday situations, which help them make the best resolutions on the right actions to take. In this essay, the first five chapters of the book are reviewed based on the main concepts. Chapter review In Chapter 1, titled â€Å"doing the right thing†, three cases are presented. Case one concern the laws prohibiting g auging of prices. Precisely, it refers to the price changes that came into effect subsequent to the Florida’s Hurricane Charley. As clarified by Sandel, the arguments in support to and in contrast to price-gauging laws are based on three concepts: well-being, liberty and virtue. He then discusses about who is eligible for the â€Å"Purple Heart†. In determining this, people need to know precisely which qualities are necessary to deserve this honor. The final case is regarding the latest bailout that came after the financial crisis. Specifically, he discusses about the feelings of different people towards the bonuses awarded to the executives of the companies involved. Even though some felt that the bonuses were justified, most individuals thought it was unfair primarily because they compensated failure rather than success. The author describes three conceptions of justice that aids in understanding how decisions are made and he discusses them all through the book. Util itarianism, also described as capitalization on welfare, is the first conception. This is followed by another conception regarding liberty and personal rights. The last conception discusses the idea that justice is associated with virtue and a decent life in general. Before recounting the various concepts of justice, Sandel also discusses what are described as the moral dilemmas. These can be clarified by applying ethics in the reasoning process, which directs every individual in different ways dependent on their characters and the manner in which they deliberate and justify their decisions. In this case, clashes may result from partial reasoning or contradictory moral obligations.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chapter two, labeled â€Å"The Greatest Happiness Principle or Utilitarianism†, deliberates over the idea of utilitarianism by relating two various attitudes. First is the idea of Jeremy Bentham. The idea concentrates on getting maximum pleasure and lessening pain so as to make the most out of the overall utility. In this notion, the rights of a person may be disregarded, like in the incident of torture. The idea of John Stuart Mill presents the second concept of utilitarianism. According to Mill, people are at liberty in doing whatever they need to as long as it does not cause any damage to others. In addition, he is argues that there are superior and inferior pleasures (Sandel, 2010). Chapter three, â€Å"Do We Own Ourselves or Libertarianism†, argues that there should be minimal supervision and every individual should have the freedom of choosing the right action to take in different situations. According Sandel, libertarians are against authoritarianism, moral regulation and redeployment of income. For instance, libertarianism opponents claim that tax system is necessary since everybody needs to contribute towards the welfare of the society. Similarly, they argue that wealthy persons need to give back part of their riches since it was generated by the society. The author then deliberates on the implications associated with purchasing and retailing of organs. Sandel then reflects on the market and moralities and ways in which an open market may be founded on either sovereignty or wellbeing. In chapter four, â€Å"markets and morals†, Sandel talks about the morals of forfeiting persons to do various kinds of work, like fighting in wars and giving birth to children. The debate is whether there is need for market, where currency is involved, to the feature of morals. The best example presented by the author in this section is â€Å"remuneration for pregnancy†. Deliberating through the moralities and injustices in this instance aids in clarifying the variations amongst the leading philosophies of justice. In his opinion, it is not necessary for an individual to demand pay for certain services be cause of morals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chapter five, â€Å"What Matters is the Motive†, the author draws the attention of the reader towards understanding why motive is necessary. He does this by explaining the idea of Kant. He argues that morality concerns with respect to people, regardless of who they are. This involves doing the correct thing simply because it is right. Sandel then argues for the idea of egalitarianism based on the perception of John Rawls. Similarly, he clarifies how it is different from the concept of libertarianism and utilitarianism. According to Rawl, people need fairness with regard to fundamental freedoms and societal and financial life. Reference Sandel, M. J. (2010). Justice: What’s the right thing to do?. London: Penguin Books. This essay on Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? was written and submitted by user Lexie Pate to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Homework Harm and Struggles Let Us Ban It

Homework Harm and Struggles Let Us Ban It Homework Ban: Failure in Class or a Recharge Before Next Day’s School? Disputes about homework and its amount will probably exist as long as education itself. Students oppose it, teachers and some parents enforce it, and some parents begin to doubt the practice and ask questions about how exactly this additional workload is going to help their children to be curious thinkers if all kids want to do every day is to get a bit more sleep. This gloomy picture made us come up with two issues up front: first, we will scrutinize real pros and cons of heavy homework load, and second, we will offer you a solution to your ordeal. If today’s tasks are just impossible (as if other daily tasks are much easier!) just let us know, and we will help you out of any written task you can think of. We have been dealing with stressed students and abundant assignments long enough to know how to accomplish them efficiently and not to compromise your grades. Now back to the question of homework. What Science Has to Say About Homework Role in Students’ Academic Success Scholars including biologists and children psychologists have long studied how kids’ bodies and minds function and arrived at a conclusion that home task does not essentially improve learning outcomes of students. Only certain limited amounts of work at home do boost learning and make students more confident in applying their theoretical gains to real-life challenges. But the tradition of abundant homework with heavy stress on memorization dates back to times ages ago when kids’ needs were not taken into account and adults treated kids in ways they believed were right, not in ways that were actually right. Since then the education system was thoroughly overhauled, both for the benefit of students and the country, but the concept of homework did not change much. Moreover, in various countries approach to homework is different, in some teachers assign loads of it, and in some kids have plenty of time to rest and enjoy themselves after school, and their academic level does not trail behind the US students level. Recently, the debate has moved to the public sphere, with thoughtful arguments in media both for and against homework. HuffPost claims that only 30 minutes of work is allowed. The Atlantic takes the more measured stand and calculates what load suits what age. Teachers, parents, and experts all voice their sincere beliefs and facts to support their positions. But can these debates be boiled down to some concise lists? Actually, yes. We will begin with a more inspiring part: 10 Solid Reasons Homework Should Be Eliminated (or at least heavily limited in amount). Unfortunately, the existence of these facts will not make colleges and schools skip home tasks overnight, but at least you will be equipped to support your position about homework when asking a teacher to give fewer tasks for home studies. And these arguments will be related neither to laziness nor to boredom (these two are too easy to dismiss). Stealing home time that can be spent resting, communicating with parents, siblings or friends – or just engaging in enriching things that you really like. Students spend in school long hours that can be compared to a full workday – and they are required to do more work at home. In adults’ world it is called overtime and is paid for at double rates, and here it is considered a benefit for students just for the sake of its own. Unnecessary work that does not actually impact knowledge or academic success. For homework to be useful and impact study outcomes positively, many factors are to be taken into consideration while tasks are assigned. Namely, the age of students, the total load of homework for the day, the complexity of the material, its familiarity to students, and many more. But usually, tasks are just dumped on a student’s plate, both discussed and undiscussed in class. What a teacher did not manage to cover in class is supposed to be mastered by students on their own. This is not what homework should be like, experts say. Making students fail at next day tests. Long hours of afterschool work exhaust students even more, and the next day they feel fatigued and distressed, and they hardly remember things they need to pass tests (especially if large home tasks were in a different subject). So they fail, and instead of benefiting from homework they have low scores in tests as well. Pressure on mental health and a negative impact on mood. It is obvious that additional challenging work is no good for developing self-perception and attitudes to the world. The unnecessary challenge to students who have other tasks like job, sports or looking after siblings. Instead of pursuing healthy pastime or hobbies that can develop into careers, students spend time doing useless tasks. And then they are expected to know for sure what they want to do in the future! No assistance in doing tasks. One of the biggest problems with homework. Students have no one to ask if they have troubles with homework, and so they just repeat their mistakes over and over. Standardization of ways students has to learn things. People are wired for different channels of learning, and while some can learn by reading, others just physically need to listen or to watch a video to understand something. Writing is not everybody’s talent. Yes, writing in itself is challenging. Not everyone can come up with a decent essay in, say, history or sociology. Just skip it. The content of tasks does not coincide with the content covered in class. One more improper way to give home task. The lack of time in class and overly packed curricula are not the problems of students, they are problems of boards and educators who design curricula without knowing what goes on in real classrooms. But since teachers are required to meet milestones, they dump the load on students to study at home. This is a total no-no from a scientific viewpoint, but it happens often. Artificial reason for bitter arguments between parents and kids. Yes, teenage is hard, and fights over homework only aggravate already tense and complex relations between parents and kids. 8 Facts That Show That Homework Can Be Useful (Under Certain Conditions) Helps to reduce time spent on gadgets in time of digital intoxication. Yes, maybe, it does not require browsing the web for a couple of hours and typing a paper for three more hours. Helps to learn time management (if given in reasonable amounts). Yes, if a load is manageable then time distribution planning is important. But today homework just consumes all waking time of students. No management needed. Helps master critical thinking and train memory. Yes, if a material was already covered in class and discussed. Then going over it can help students see the connection they did not notice or ask questions that go beyond the surface of events. If they see the material for the first time, they have more questions than answers – and no one is here to answer them. Gives a sense of responsibility and accomplishment. Yes, if work is manageable then completing it before doing something for fun makes kids feel responsible and proud. Boosts research skills. Yes, if students have a framework of knowledge already and are required to elaborate it through research. A doubtful benefit, as researches show today. But anyhow, creating a written project does require research planning, drafting and creating a final version. This is a good training session in switching between tasks. Topics for discussions with parents. Cool, if parents can participate and help children grasp the topics better. Refreshing study materials in memory before tests. Yes, but home task should include only the subject related to the next day’s test. Then it will not divert time and attention and will help to understand and memorize stuff better. So, What Is the Conclusion About Homework? As any medicine, it has its proper dosage and plans of administering. If everything is observed carefully, a home task is a valuable tool to boost learning and develop students’ thinking. But if the load is too big or too complex, it poisons minds, exhausts bodies and in general makes school a gruesome place. So it is up to teachers (and education boards and committees) to manage homework amounts more carefully and so inspire kids’ curiosity and openness to learning. If nothing else helps, we are the last bastion that will take a punch and save your grades by delivering fast and high-quality homework assistance. Remember that.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Calvinism and Ephesians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Calvinism and Ephesians - Essay Example It stands for Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace and the Perseverance of the saints. These Five Points were adopted by the Synod of Dordt (or Dordrecht), each point the subject of a chapter or head of the Canons of Dordt. According to the followers of Calvin, the Five Points "set forth clearly the biblical teaching on the sovereignty and particularity of the grace of God in salvation."1 Total depravity" is often mistaken to mean that humans are all hopelessly, intensely sinful. Actually, it means something quite different: as a result of Adam and Eve's disobedience to God -- the Fall of Man -- sin has extended to all parts of every person's being: "his thinking, his emotions and his will." Sometimes, this has been called "Total inability." This is the concept that it is impossible for the ordinary "natural" human to understand the Gospel's message. They are spiritually helpless. First, God must first decide to intervene in the form of the third personality within the Trinity, the Holy Spirit. Otherwise, the person is lost forever. 2 This is seen in Romans 5:12: "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned" and in Mark 4:11: "And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all these things are done in parables."3 Unconditional Election is the concept of predestination: that God has divided humanity into two groups. One group is "the elected." It includes all those whom God has chosen to make knowledgeable about himself. The rest will remain ignorant of God, and the Gospel. They are damned and will spend eternity in Hell without any hope of mercy or cessation of the extreme tortures. God made this selection before the universe was created, and thus before any humans existed. The ground or grounds that God uses to select the lucky few is unknown. What is known is that it is not through any good works on the part of the individual. It is not that he extends knowledge to some in order to find out who will accept salvation and who will not. There is a degree of tension within the Bible concerning precise division of responsibility between God and humans on this matter. The Bible does not resolve this issue. Hyper-Calvinists believe that a person has zero responsibility for their own salvation; it is all up to God. Arminians teach that humans have free will and thus can accept or resist the call of God.4 This is supported by Romans 9:15: "For he saith to

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US Research Paper

The Relevance of Universal Healthcare Policy in the US - Research Paper Example Universal healthcare system will help all the Americans irrespective of their financial status to get access medical care, which will result in decreasing illnesses and increasing health, which is an advantage for the citizens in USA. The US Senate should pass a bill to provide free and universal healthcare system for the Americans so that they get access to a good system of health care regardless of their financial status. In his article, â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Universal Health Care in The United States,† T W Philip makes clear the term ‘universal health care’. He says that it is the system of providing health coverage â€Å"for any and all willing participants† (The Pros And Cons Of Universal Health Care In The United States para.1). Universal healthcare is a government program funded by taxes. The United States is the only nation that does not have a universal health care system at present. The author of the aforesaid article says that Universal health care system is necessary and the citizens are claiming it as it is their birthright and everyone can get access to it. He makes a distinction between the universal health care and the socialized health care. He contends that under universal health care hospitals, doctors, drugs etc remain independent which function for profit or non profit. Socialized medicine is the industry controlled by the government. So, if a person wants his medical insurance he should work under the government. If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. ... If he loses his job, his medical insurance is also withdrawn. Many of the citizens suggest that America’s health care solution is to have a â€Å"nationalized health plan† ( Longley 4), under which medical care for the citizens will be the responsibility of the federal government and the doctors and the hospitals will be under their control. All Americans should have the right to enjoy free health care system like citizens of the other nations. The parliament needs to pass the bill for universal healthcare for American people because the Preamble of the US Constitution includes in its purpose an aim to â€Å"promote the general welfare† (Should all Americans have the right (be entitled) to health care point. 2) of the citizens of the nation. The United States of America is one of the developed nations in the world and it could be recognized as the only country which does not ensure health care for its citizens. For a better health care system, US should stop the medical bankruptcies, and try to improve the public health by reducing the overall healthcare spending. It is the lack of guaranteed healthcare system which has resulted in the poor health of the Americans as compared to citizens of other developed nations of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked the US health care system â€Å"37th of 190 countries† (Gelder & Pibel), which is far below most of the European countries. Life expectancy in US is also shorter than 27 other countries. These factors indicate that there is an urgent need to revamp the present healthcare system in the country so that its status can be uplifted at par with other developed nations. Due to high cost of health care system, both the large and small firms are pulling back from offering health

Monday, January 27, 2020

The Major Components Of Green Computing Information Technology Essay

The Major Components Of Green Computing Information Technology Essay As IT has become a major component in social infrastructure, it plays a vital role in humans life. Computing is a fast growing area which consumes energy a lot. A computer which performs well consumes lots of energy. It takes a lot of energy to create, package and retrieve data. With the development of the technologies, people tend to depend on these technologies more and more. It will lead us to many problems as energy is a non renewable resource. It will soon cost more to power a computer in future, than buying a new one today. Therefore we have to find methods, where we can minimize the wastage of energy while utilizing existing resources efficiently. Since computer plays a major role in our lives, demand for the energy, cost and wastage also increase dramatically. According to the Climate Saving Computing Initiative, the half of the power input to our PC is wasted without even reaching to the processor, memory, disk or any other component. Further, they have identified that added heat of the computer systems, inactive sleep and hibernate state of the computer and mal practices of using electronic equipments has a great impact in this energy wastage. It is estimated that out of $250 billion per year spent on powering computers worldwide only about 15% of that power is spent computing. The rest is wasted idling. Therefore, Green Computing is introduced in order to maximize the energy efficiency and increase the recyclability of products and the factory waste. Green Computing is focusing on creating technologies that help to preserve nature and minimize the bad effects of the technological development. Overview Green Computing is an echo friendly approach to the modern computing environment. It discusses about the ways of using computers in environmental friendly way. Â  The main focus of Green computing is reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by the Earths growing population and the ways of utilizing computer resources efficiently. It talks about serving social needs in a way which reduce the damage happen to the nature. Mainly this is talking about creating recyclable products, reducing pollution, providing alternatives to certain technological areas and etc. It is a concept which is already used in the IT environment. Researchers have found that most of the computers are not used for most of the time, but they are left running and many personal computers are left on unnecessarily. It leads to the high wastage of energy. These kinds of issues are also considered in Green Computing. It also talks about proper disposal of electronic w aste. Eco Friendly Computing Green Computing is also known as Green IT. Environmental sustainability, Energy efficiency, and the cost of disposal and recycling also includes in Green IT. History The Energy Star program commenced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 was the first voluntary labelling program designed to promote and recognize energy efficiency. It is basically designed to promote and recognize energy efficiency in monitors, climate control equipments and other technologies. The term Green Computing immerged shortly after this Energy Star Program. The first function launched as a result of the Green Computing researches was the sleep mode function of computer monitor. Approaches to Green Computing In order to gain the environmental sustainability and efficient use of energy through computing there are four main paths to be taken. Green Use Using the computers and other related products in an efficient manner where the energy consumption is minimized. Green Disposal Reusing old computers, properly disposing and recycling other unwanted products. Green Design Designing energy efficient and environmentally friendly computers and accessories. Green Manufacturing Manufacturing computers and other related equipments in a way that they have a minimal effect to the environment. These four steps can be further spanned in to number of activities and areas. Efficient use of energy Power saving Server virtualization Environmental sustainable designing Responsible disposal and recycle Risk mitigation Use of renewable energy sources Eco- labelling Use of Green methodologies and assessment tools. As an initial step to the Green Computing the work habits of the individual computer users have to be changed. Most of the energy wastages regarding the personal computer usage happen because of the false beliefs regarding the computer usage. For an instance, people belief that when turning off a computer and turning on it back uses more energy than it leaving on. But the actual energy consumption of the computer when it boots up, is far less than the energy it uses when left on for more than three minutes. Further the use of notebook computers rather than using personal computers will also save energy. Moreover, people think that screen savers do save energy. But the fact is that they are designed to increase the lifetime of monochrome monitors. The screen savers will save energy if they actually turn off the screen or turn off the backlight of the laptops. By letting the users get to know about these facts will change their habits and it will lead to power utilization. When it comes to organizational level, many organizations have undertaken various kinds of activities as an approach to this Green IT. Telecommuting Virtualization VoIP Organizations have allowed their workers to work while being at home. This will help to reduce fuel emission at transportation. They are given all the necessary facilities to work. This is known as telecommuting. Virtualization refers to the consolidation of servers. It allows to two or more logical computer systems to run in one physical hardware. This leads minimum power consumption and maximum cooling. VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol is a technology of voice transmission over internet or other packet switched networks. It reduces the telephone wiring infrastructure and is low cost. It is method of reducing metallic waste. Green business practices Green IT isnt just about energy efficiencies but also about operational efficiencies that can improve the organization. In most of the organizations, Green IT is practiced because of the explicit business drivers such as cost and the availability of the energy, cost of the equipments, cost of the data centres, business process optimization and performance and efficiency. When focusing on business optimization, few areas can be targeted which energy demand can be reduced and growth can be increased with the help of IT. Server and storage utilization and consolidation Server, storage, and application virtualization Technology and information life cycle strategies Energy measurement and management Green Information Strategy Under Green Information Strategy, the ways of managing and retaining information has been defined. The ways of collecting, classifying and archiving information are introduced in Green Information Strategy. It involves several key steps: Understanding the requirements for information retention and availability. Determining infrastructure requirements. Conducting continual strategic planning to meet economic and business conditions and demand. Measuring progress and adjusting the strategies. Information Lifecycle Management is a set of concepts which helps organizations to build processes and implement best practices for creating, storing, archiving, and dispose data. A variety of technologies and methodologies can be used in order to optimize the storage utilization. Then the amount of storage required and the energy used to power will be reduced. Maximizing data centre and server room efficiency Designing a data centre for maximum efficiency is complex and requires input from many disciplines not normally associated with IT. But most of the organizations dont have data centres. They have their IT equipments in a sever room. Server room is a data centre operated in a small scale. Here are few facts that have to be considered when designing a server room. Raised floor in computer rooms was the general accepted norm since vacuum tube era. Variable speed motors can tailor cooling power usage to need, producing substantial savings, and may prove less expensive in the long run though they are more expensive to purchase. The trend in servers is to pack more CPUs in to a single track. But when power densities get above 200 watts per square foot, because of the high heat generated, too much air is needed to remove the heat. Therefore racks (19-inch EIA-310-D standard) with built-in chillers or even water-cooled servers, become preferable. Use a large server. Replace physical servers with virtual servers. Blade servers Blade servers put each processor, memory and hard drive on one single card called blade. These blades are fixed in to a backplane. A single power supply, a shared cooling system, a shared network interface is used among the blades, which connected to a backplane. Replacing multiple servers with blade servers generally saves power and space. Green Storage Storage systems are among the systems which consume power and storage a lot. Drivers have to be full powered and running to be able to store data. Data Deduplication Data Deduplication is the term used for removing the duplicates. It examines the hard drive or the storage system and find out the duplicates and remove them. It effectively reduces the storage allocated for certain data file and allocates it to other additional data. It increases the capacity of your system. Thin Provisioning Thin provisioning is allocating right amount of storage is as needed. It helps to eliminate unused capacity. Storage can be used efficiently by allocating the required storage when it is needed and using storage management software to adjust it. As the storage is dynamically allocated the storage can be grown or shrink according to the application stored. Further storage management software can view applications simultaneously and allocate unused capacity as needed. Storage Virtualization Storage virtualization gets all the available capacity together from multiple storage systems and enables it to share, without requiring a change in storage hardware. By enabling sharing it avoids the trapped capacity, which is available but cannot be used by an application. Using Virtualization Multiple applications and multiple Operating systems can be run simultaneously with the use of virtual memory technology. Virtualization increases the utilization of computer systems by condensing applications into few servers. Therefore the number of required servers will be reduced. It reduced the power consumption of the data centres and the cooling requirements. Virtualization is one of the earliest paths to green, because when more than one application is run on a server (application consolidation) the number of servers required to support these applications is reduced. Fewer servers mean less power consumption and low energy requirement for cooling. Future Directions on Green Computing

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Lung Cancer Essay -- essays research papers fc

There are two different types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. It is all depending on the size of what the cells look like under a microscope. Both of these types of lung cancer can grow differently which leads to them both being treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common of the two and it usually grows fairly slow. There are three main types of non-small cell lung cancer and they are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Small cell cancer is the least common and it grows fairly rapid and it can easily spread to other organs in the body (Cavendish, p.946). Usually cells grow and divide at a specific pace that keeps the body working healthy but sometimes the cells start to divide at an uncontrollably pace. When the cells grow too much they make a tumor. The cells in this tumor are cancer cells and when the cancer cells are in the lungs, they eat away at the lungs, which leads to killing someone. Some people that might get cancer are people who smoke cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, and people who get close to radon, asbestos, and pollution. In most people that cancer, the cancer cells are not found until it is in the later stages. Only 15% of the people that get cancer get it found in the early stages. When someone is found that they have cancer, they have at the most, five years to live. It matters if the cancer cells have gotten to the local lymph nodes or elsewhere. Most people figure out they have cancer by pure accident. They will go in to get an x-ray or CAT scan for something else and figure out they have cancer (http://my.webmd.com). There are many different symptoms for lung cancer. Most of them do something with breathing or something to do with their mouth. Some of the symptoms are; a cough that doesn’t go away, chest pain that is sometimes aggravated by deep breathing, hoarse sounding voice, weight loss or loss of appetite, bloody spit, shortness of breathe, fever with no known reason, recurring infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and wheezing (http://my.webmd.com). There is a lot of ways for Lung Cancer to be diagnosed. A CT (Computed Tomography) scan will tell the exact size, shape, and position of the tumor. A MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) will help tell where the cancer is going to spread. A PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan traces a... ...dy from the outside, and it is focused on the cancer. The other kind is brachytherapy, which a small pellet of radioactive material is placed directly into the cancer or an airway near it. I think that lung cancer is very severe. I thought that this report would be very good for me to do because a lot of people are going to know someone with lung cancer and if someone close to me gets lung cancer, then I will know what they are going threw. I may even get lung cancer someday and if I do, then I will know what my possibilities of living and what to do to help myself. I learned a lot while doing this report and I think that lung cancer and all other kind of cancers are a big deal and everything should learn all they can about them. Bibliography Encyclopedia of Family Health, volume 8, Marshall Cavendish, 1998, pp. 974 – 978 Johnston, Lorraine, Lung Cancer: Making Sense of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Options, O'Reilly & Associates, 2001 National Cancer Institute, What You Need to Know About Lung Cancer, 2000, http://my.webmd.com, May 16, 2001. The World Book Encyclopedia, volume 3, Scott Fetzer, 1998, pp. 167 – 174 Types of Treatment, 2000, http://www.cancer.org, May 16,2001

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Difference Between Computer Literacy and Information Literacy Essay

1. Why is it important to understand the difference between computer literacy and information literacy? The difference between computer literacy and information literacy is as follows: Information literacy is the ability to access, organize, evaluate and use information from various sources. Computer literacy is having the knowledge to use technology in order to manipulate computer software or hardware. There is a strong correlation between the two, but they are still different. Both concepts use critical thinking, but information literacy goes beyond knowledge and access in learning more. To be clearer, with information literacy one is taking what has been read and learned and applying it. With computer literacy one can have the knowledge but not necessarily know how to use it or apply it. Basically, with information literacy one will take the knowledge to the next step by using the access to organize, use and evaluate what has been found. With computer literacy one has the technology to manipulate the computer, but they may not have the information to continue on through the process and derive a conclusion based on evaluations and organization. Computer literacy, if you want to think of it in steps, is the literacy before information literacy in which the person is on their way to gaining the extra knowledge they need in order to apply what is currently known. Information literacy also requires one to have awareness in how information systems work and the link between information need, sources and channels. An example would explain this easier. You can know how to use Google search, but unless you take it a step further such as knowing what you need, the sources and the channels to gain what you need you will be stuck with unhelpful answers. Certainly, you know you need keywords in a search engine, but unless you know what keywords you are stuck. This is the relationship between the two concepts. 2. Discuss the three elements of an information system (hardware, software and persware) that managers must consider. Which of the three do you consider the most important? Hardware: Is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other devices. The term arose as a way to distinguish the â€Å"box† and the electronic circuitry and components of a computer from the program you put in it to make it do things. Software: Software is a term for a set of instructions, which makes a computer to perform a task. The set of instructions are commonly known as a program, without which computers cannot do any operations. A software is classified broadly in to two groups, application software, which includes normal utility applications like Microsoft word, PowerPoint etc. that interacts and performs user specific tasks and system software, such as operating systems, which interacts directly with hardware to make the system work and also provide a platform for other applications to work. Persware: Defined as the people aspect of an information system, without this aspect of an information system the hardware and software components become computer literacy. The people who drive and run the information system also help to determine which types of data to collect, store and disseminate for reporting and analysis purposes. The three Components of information system talked about the input, processing, output and feedback processes. Most important is the feedback process; unfortunately it’s the one most often overlooked. Just as in the triangle above, the hardware (input and output) and the software (processing) receive the most attention. With those two alone, you have computer literacy. But if you don’t use the â€Å"persware† side of the triangle to complete the feedback loop, you don’t accomplish much. Add the â€Å"persware† angle with good feedback and you have the beginnings of information literacy. 3. Which of the six business objectives do you think is the most important? How can information systems help a business meet these objectives? The Six Important Business Objectives of Information Technology Product Development Information technology can speed up the time it takes new products to reach the market. Companies can write product requirement documents by gathering market intelligence from proprietary databases, customers and sales representatives. Computer-assisted design and manufacturing software speed up decision making, while collaborative technologies allow global teams to work on different components of a product simultaneously. From innovations in microprocessors to efficient drug delivery systems, information technology helps businesses respond quickly to changing customer requirements. Stakeholder Integration Stakeholder integration is another important objective of information technology. Using global 24/7 interconnectivity, a customer service call originating in Des Moines, Iowa, ends up in a call center in Manila, Philippines, where a service agent could look up the relevant information on severs based in corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas, or in Frankfurt, Germany. Public companies use their investor relations websites to communicate with shareholders, research analysts and other market participants. Process Improvement Process improvement is another key IT business objective. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems allow managers to review sales, costs and other operating metrics on one integrated software platform, usually in real time. An ERP system may replace dozens of legacy systems for finance, human resources and other functional areas, thus making internal processes more efficient and cost-effective. Cost Efficiencies Although the initial IT implementation costs can be substantial, the resulting long-term cost savings are usually worth the investment. IT allows companies to reduce transaction and implementation costs. For example, the cost of a desktop computer today is a fraction of what it was in the early 1980s, and yet the computers are considerably more powerful. IT-based productivity solutions, from word processing to email, have allowed companies to save on the costs of duplication and postage, while maintaining and improving product quality and customer service. Competitive Advantage Cost savings, rapid product development and process improvements help companies gain and maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. If a smartphone competitor announces a new device with innovative touch-screen features, the competitors must quickly follow suit with similar products or risk losing market share. Companies can use rapid prototyping, software simulations and other IT-based systems to bring a product to market cost effectively and quickly. Globalization Companies that survive in a competitive environment usually have the operational and financial flexibility to grow locally and then internationally. IT is at the core of operating models essential for globalization, such as telecommuting and outsourcing. A company can outsource most of its noncore functions, such as human resources and finances, to offshore companies and use network technologies to stay in contact with its overseas employees, customers and suppliers.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Teaching Philosophy and Classroom Behaviour Management...

TEACHING PHILOSOPHY AND CLASSROOM BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT PLAN Griffith University Personal Philosophy of Teaching and Learning A classroom is a very dynamic and spontaneous place. Every classroom is comprised of a diverse combination of individuals who all contribute to the unpredictable nature and uniqueness of the class. The reality that no two students are alike and no two classes are ever alike, contributes greatly to the difficulty of establishing a realistic and effective classroom management plan. It is important that teachers realize that a classroom is an unpredictable place and that it is much more reasonable to strive to manage their classroom as opposed to trying to control it. I see my role as a managing teacher as†¦show more content†¦Students should be given choices when it is at all possible and they should always be treated with respect. Rogers presents a number of very useful and reasonable suggestions for successful behaviour management. By combining the ideas from each of the theories that best suit my classroom situation I hope to be able to create a learning environme nt that not only makes my students feel safe, but also inspires them to be creative and allows them to learn to their maximum potential. In order to allow for optimal learning there are a number of other issues which must be addressed including gender issues, bullying and inclusive education. While growing up my older brother got bullied a lot. As a result of these experiences I have always had a serious opposition to any and all types of bullying. When I become a teacher I plan to establish a no tolerance policy for any and all types of hurtful behavior. I will discuss bullying with my class and through role play and group discussions make them aware of the issue. It also is extremely important for teachers to remember that boys and girls are different. 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